Great Mathematicians of Scientist

Great Mathematicians of Scientist 

Great Mathematicians of Scientist

1).Sir Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton Great Mathematicians of Scientist 

Born : 4 January 1673, Woolsthorp Manor House, United Kingdom

Died : 31 March 1727, Kensington , London, United Kingdom

Education : Trinity College(1667-1668) 

SIR ISAAC NEWTON : Newton was an English Mathematicians, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author widely recognised as one of the Great Mathematicians of Scientist and physicists of all time and among the most influential Scientist. He was a key figure in the philosophical revolution known as the Elightenment. The Newton are Great Mathematicians of Scientist.

NEWTON DEFINITION: This was in accordance with the Third Low of Motion according to the Great mathematicians of scientist Sir Isaac Newton .

(1642-1727)an English Scientist. He is well know for discovering Newton's Law,Which explained the relationship between force , mass and movement. Many people know the story that he discovered the idea of gravity (= the force that attracts things toward the center of the planet)when he saw an apple fall from a tree in his garden. He also discovered differential calculus, a branch of mathematics, at the same time as Leibniz discovered it in Germany, and made important discoveries about the nature of light and color. He was made a Knight in 1705 for Great mathematicians of scientist

SIR ISAAC NEWTON : Early life and  Education

Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643, in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England. The son of a farmer who died three months before he was born, Newton spent most of his early years with his maternal grandmother after his mother remarried. His education was interrupted by a failed attempt to turn him into a farmer, and he attended the King’s School in Grantham before enrolling at the University of Cambridge’s Trinity College in 1661 Great Mathematicians of Scientist.

Newton studied a classical curriculum at Cambridge, but he became fascinated by the works of modern philosophers such as Rene Descartes, even devoting a set of notes to his outside readings he titled "Quaestiones Quaedam Philosophicae" (“Certain Philosophical Questions”). When the Great Plague shuttered Cambridge in 1665, Newton returned home and began formulating his theories on calculus, light and color, his farm the setting for the supposed falling apple that inspired his work on gravity to invention by Great mathematicians of scientist.

2).Pythagoras of Samos

Pythagoras Of Samos Great Mathematicians of Scientist

Born : c.570 BCE Samos ancient Greece 

Died : c.490 BCE Metapontum Italy 

PYTHAGORAS OF SAMOS : Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher who made important developments in mathematics, astronomy, and the theory of music for Great mathematicians scientist. The theorem now known as Pythagoras's theorem was known to the Babylonians 1000 years earlier but he may have been the first to prove it.

PYTHAGORAS OF SAMOS is often described as the first pure mathematician. He is an extremely important figure in the development of mathematics yet we know relatively little about his mathematical achievements for Great Mathematicians of scientist. Unlike many later Greek mathematicians, where at least we have some of the books which they wrote, we have nothing of Pythagoras's writings. The society which he led, half religious and half scientific, followed a code of secrecy which certainly means that today Pythagoras is a mysterious figure for Great Mathematicians of scientist.

We do have details of Pythagoras's life from early biographies which use important original sources yet are written by authors who attribute divine powers to him, and whose aim was to present him as a god-like figure. What we present below is an attempt to collect together the most reliable sources to reconstruct an account of Pythagoras's life. There is fairly good agreement on the main events of his life but most of the dates are disputed with different scholars giving dates which differ by 20 years for Great Mathematicians of Scientist. Some historians treat all this information as merely legends but, even if the reader treats it in this way, being such an early record it is of historical importance a Great Mathematicians of scientist.

Pythagoras was well educated, and he played the lyre throughout his lifetime, knew poetry and recited Homer. The great mathematicians of scientist. He was interested in mathematics, philosophy, astronomy and music, and was greatly influenced by Pherekydes(philosophy), Thales (mathematics and astronomy) and Anaximander (philosophy, geometry).

Pythagoras left Samos for Egypt in about 535 B.C. to study with the priests in the temples for Great mathematicians of scientist. Many of the practices of the society he created later in Italy can be traced to the beliefs of Egyptian priests, such as the codes of secrecy, striving for purity, and refusal to eat beans or to wear animal skins as clothing.

3).Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein Great Mathematicians of Scientist

Born : March 14,1879,Ulm Germany 

Died : April 18,1955(aged 76) Princeton New Jersey 

Education : Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich (Federal teaching diploma , 1900) , University of Zurich(PHD , 1905 )

ALBERT EINSTEIN : Education

After three years attending the local Catholic school, eight-year-old Albert changed schools to the Liutpold Gymnasium where he would spend the next seven years of Great mathematicians of scientist. Einstein felt that the teaching style at Liutpold was too regimented and constraining. He did not enjoy the military discipline of the teachers and often rebelled against their authority. He compared his teachers to drill sergeants.

While there are many stories telling about how Einstein struggled in school and even failed in math, these are not true. He may have not been the ideal student, but he scored high in most subjects, especially math and physics. As an adult, Einstein was asked about his failure in math and he replied "I never failed in mathematics. Before I was fifteen I had mastered differential and integral calculus" The Great mathematicians of scientist. 

ALBERT EINSTEIN : Scientific Career and Invention

Albert Einstein was a leading figure in the World Government Movement after World War II. He was also offered the Presidency of the State of Israel, but he declined it, and he collaborated with Dr. Chaim Weizmann in developing the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

He was always interested in solving the problems of physics and also had a clear view and determination to solve them. He made his strategy his own and was able to visualise the main stages on the way to his goal. In fact, he saw his critical achievements as merely one more step toward the next level of advancement for Great mathematicians of scientist.

When his scientific work started, Albert Einstein realised the inadequacies of Newtonian mechanics and his special theory of relativity emanated from an attempt to reconcile the laws of mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field.

He worked on classical problems of statistical mechanics and problems in which they were merged with quantum theory for Great mathematicians of scientist. This paved the way for an explanation of the Brownian movement of molecules. He explored the properties of light with a low radiation density, and his observations and survey laid the foundation of the photon theory of light for Great Mathematicians of Scientist .

He postulated the correct interpretation of the special theory of relativity in the early days of Berlin and also furnished a theory of gravitation in Great Mathematicians of Scientist . He published his paper on the general theory of relativity in 1916. At this point in time, he also contributed to the problems of the theory of radiation and statistical mechanics.

He embarked on the construction of unified field theories in the 1920s, and he was also working on the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory. He preserved this work in America.

By Great mathematicians of scientist developing a quantum theory of monoatomic gas, he contributed to statistical mechanics . He also did valuable work in connection with atomic transition probabilities and relativistic cosmology.

After taking retirement, he continued to work towards the unification of the basic concepts of physics. He took the opposite approach to geometrisation as the majority of physicists for Great Mathematicians of scientist.

He received honorary doctorate degrees in science, medicine, and philosophy from several European and American universities .

 

4).Rene Descartes

Rene Descartes Great Mathematicians of Scientist

Born : 31 , March , 1596  , La Haya , Touraine , France 

Died : 11 , February , 1650 , Stockholm , Sweden

Education : College Royal Henry-Le-Grand (1607-1614) , University of poitiers (LL.B , 1616) 

    

RENE DESCARTES : Definition

Rene Descartes (1596-1650) was a French mathematician, natural Great Mathematicians of scientist, and philosopher, best known by the phrase 'Cogito ergo sum' ('I think therefore I am'). He published works on optics, coordinate geometry, physiology, and cosmology, however, he is mostly remembered as the "father of modern philosophy" the Great Mathematicians of Scientist. He lived in a time preceding the Age of Enlightenment that flourished in Europe in the late 17th and throughout the 18th century, a period of revolutionary ideas in government, individual freedom, and religious beliefs. While not a direct participant in the Enlightenment, Descartes' legacy would be his influence on those who contributed to the scientific, political, and social changes throughout this age, an age of reason.

RENE DESCARTES : Describe By Philosophy

Rene Descartes wrote in his seminal book, Discourse on Method (1637), “There is a great difference between the mind and body.” It is here that this luminary figure from the Age of Enlightenment introduces his theory of dualism . Not only was he a Great mathematicians of scientist , but René also contributed several philosophical notions to his name: the Demon Hypothesis, skepticism, and the famous Cogito Ergo Sum.

During childhood, Descartes was afflicted by tuberculosis, which meant that he was constantly bedridden. It was from these days in bed at a Jesuit college that René claimed he had a series of dreams that lead to an epiphany. Awakening from this experience, a young Descartes couldn’t discern whether he was truly awake or if he was still dreaming for  Great mathematicians of scientist. Rene became a skeptic, doubting everything in the material world. He states in the Demon Hypothesis that an evil embodiment of God has disillusioned us into thinking we are in control. But alas, there must be some proof of existence, Rene thought. And so, Rene famously said, “Cogito Ergo Sum,” or I think therefore I am. He figured that, while in this eternal sleep, there must be a dreamer who is dreaming this dream for Great mathematicians of scientist. Thus, he arrived at the conclusion that this state of thinking proved his spirit’s existence. Dualism is the idea that the mind and body are separate, and many of Descartes works are based on this conception. So if the body and mind are two different, disconnected things, then how do they communicate with one another? Descartes argued that the pineal gland in the brain acted as a liaison between the two. What you perceive physically is transferred to the central gland, and vice versa with sensory perception. Although Rene Descartes may not be scientifically correct, his theories have provided wonderful insights in math, philosophy, and psychology for Great mathematicians of scientist.

5).Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Great Mathematicians of Scientist

Born : 1 July 1646 , Leipzig , Saxony , Holy Roman Empire

Died : 14 November 1716 , Hanover , Holy Roman Empire

Education : Alte Nikolaischule (1655-1661)  , Leipzig University (1661-1666):

B.A. in Philosophy , December 1662 ,          M.A. in Philosophy , February 1664,

LL.B  , September 1665  ,          DR.Phil.Hab.,March (1666)   

              

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (also known as von Leibniz) was a prominent German mathematician, philosopher, physicist and statesman. Noted for his independent invention of the differential and integral calculus, Gottfried Leibniz remains one of the greatest and most influential metaphysicians, thinkers and logicians in history a Great Mathematicians of scientist. He also invented the Leibniz wheel and suggested important theories about force, energy and time.

EARLY LIFE AND EDUCATION:

Gottfried Leibniz was born on 1st July 1646 in Leipzig, Saxony, Germany to influential parents. His father, a professor of moral philosophy at the city’s university, died when Leibniz was only six. His mother was the daughter of a rich local lawyer.

Leibniz was a childhood prodigy. He became fluent in Latin and studied works of Greeks scholars when he was only twelve. He entered the University of Leipzig when he was fourteen, where he took philosophy, mathematics and law there for Great Mathematicians of scientist. 

After graduation, he applied for a doctorate in law, but was refused due to his young age. Leibniz chose to present his thesis to the University of Altdorf, where professors were so impressed that they immediately awarded him the degree of Doctor of Laws and gave him a professorship for Great mathematicians of scientist.

6).Pierre-Simon Laplace

Pierre-Simon Laplace Great Mathematicians of Scientist

Born : 23 March 1749, Beaumont-en-Auge, France
Died : 5 March 1827, Paris, France

Education : Caen-Normandy University

EARLY LIFE AND  EDUCATION :

Born on 23 March in 1749, Pierre-Simon Laplace entered Caen University when he was only 16 and he soon developed a strong interest in mathematics. When he was only 19, he moved to Paris, without finishing his degree, to work as a professor of Great mathematicians of scientist at the École Militaire with the fellow mathematician Jean-le-Rond D’Alembert. Five years later, Laplace had already written 13 scientific papers regarding integral calculus, mechanics and physical astronomy, which gained him fame and acclaim all over France.

Pierre-Simon Laplace was a prominent French mathematical physicist and astronomer of the 19th century, who made crucial contributions in the arena of planetary motion by applying for Great mathematicians of scientist Sir Isaac Newton’s theory of gravitation to the entire solar system. His work regarding the theory of probability and statistics is considered pioneering and has influenced a whole new generation of Great mathematicians of scientist.

CONTRIBUTIONS AND  ACHIEVEMENTS:

Pierre-Simon Laplace is highly regarded for his influential five-volume treatise “Traité de mécanique céleste” (Celestial mechanics; 1799-1825), which developed a strong mathematical understanding of the motion of the heavenly bodies, including several anomalies and inequalities that were noticed in their orbits. Laplace suggested that the nature of the universe is completely deterministic.

Laplace heavily contributed in the development of differential equations, difference equations, probability and statistics. His 1812 work “Théorie analytique des probabilités” (Analytic theory of probability) furthered the subjects of probability and statistics significantly.

Laplace was made a member of the Paris Academic des Sciences in 1773, where he assumed a senior position in 1785 in Great mathematicians of scientist. He was given the duty of standardizing all European weights and measures.

His work on celestial mechanics is considered revolutionary. He established that the small perturbations observed in the orbital motion of the planets will always remain small, constant and self-correcting. He was the earliest astronomer to suggest the idea that the solar system originated from the contraction and cooling of a large rotating, and consequently flattened, nebula of incandescent gas. Laplace published his famous work on probability in 1812. He supplied his own definition of probability and applied it to justify the fundamental mathematical in  Great mathematicians of scientist.